Prevention of Genetic Reproductive Health Problems among Reproductive Women in Delta State: The Role of Health Education

Abstract

Genetic reproductive health problems constitute a major public health concern affecting women of reproductive age, particularly in developing regions such as Delta State, Nigeria. These problems, including sickle cell disease, Down syndrome, haemophilia, and rhesus factor incompatibility, contribute significantly to maternal and child morbidity, emotional distress, and economic burden. This study examined the knowledge and prevention of genetic reproductive health problems among reproductive women in Delta State, with specific emphasis on the role of health education. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 1,411,082 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Delta State. A sample size of 1,226 respondents was selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire titled Knowledge and Prevention of Genetic Reproductive Health Problems among Reproductive Women in Delta State: The Role of Health Education (KPGRHP). The instrument was validated through expert judgement and factor analysis, while reliability was ensured using appropriate statistical procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the level of knowledge of genetic reproductive health problems among reproductive women was generally moderate, with notable gaps in understanding genetic compatibility and inherited conditions. Acceptance of health education as a preventive strategy was high, while the practice and acceptance of premarital genetic screening remained relatively low. The study further established significant relationships between knowledge of genetic factors, acceptance of health education, premarital genetic screening, and the prevention of genetic reproductive health problems. The study concludes that effective health education plays a critical role in enhancing knowledge, shaping positive attitudes, and promoting preventive practices against genetic reproductive health problems. It is therefore recommended that sustained community-based health education programmes, improved access to genetic screening services, and policy-driven premarital genetic counselling initiatives be strengthened to reduce the burden of genetic reproductive health problems among reproductive women in Delta State.

Keywords: Prevention, Genetic, Reproductive Health, Reproduction Women.